Ventana Naider

How will France�s inflation profile look in 2009?

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Ekonomiaz n�67

La Direcci�n de Econom�a y Planificaci�n del Gobierno Vasco acaba de publicar el n�mero 67 de la revista EKONOMIAZ: Econom�a del cambio clim�tico.

En este n�mero se hace un repaso exhaustivo de las llamadas pol�ticas de mitigaci�n de los gases de efecto invernadero, aquellas que refuerzan la capacidad de sustituci�n de fuentes energ�ticas o desvinculan la producci�n del consumo de energ�a. Se exponen los modelos m�s avanzados, pero sin ocultar las m�ltiples barreras pol�ticas y econ�micas que obstaculizan su aplicaci�n. De la lectura de los diferentes art�culos se concluye que identificar los impactos y estimar los da�os derivados del cambio clim�tico requiere integrar la ciencia del clima, las respuestas ecol�gicas, las reacciones humanas y los valores sociales. Qu� tipo de medidas, cu�l es el coste que se est� dispuesto a asumir y qu� beneficio se derivan de las estrategias de adaptaci�n- entendida como el proceso de ajuste de los sistemas humanos y naturales a los cambios del clima- son las tres preguntas fundamentales que se tratan de resolver en este monogr�fico.

El valor del nuevo �ndice de Innovaci�n Europeo EIS 2008 de la C.A. de Euskadi supera al de la media europea

La C. A. de Euskadi ocupa el puesto 11� en la UE-27, en el grupo de los pa�ses con alta innovaci�n

El nuevo �ndice de Innovaci�n Europeo EIS 2008 alcanza en la C. A. de Euskadi un valor de 0,49 en 2008, seg�n datos elaborados por Eustat, lo que hace que se sit�e en el puesto 11� de la Uni�n Europea-27 y por encima de su media, un 0,48.

The economic crisis � A change accelerator?

Can the current economic crisis cause long-term changes in the behavior of companies and households? It's too soon to say, but a number of trends, or at least new directions, can be observed. This is because the generalization of low-cost ranges and, to a lesser degree, the sound health of upmarket goods, which challenge mid-market ranges from both ends, would have implications for where companies choose to locate their operations. Another major trend is growing awareness of green or environmental issues, admittedly facilitated by sustained high energy costs. The third trend, which is linked to the "greening" discussed above and is a shift away from many deep-seated convictions, is the return to public spending and public action, notably in the networks and grids that structure modern economies.

Estimating Historical Energy Security Costs

Energy security is of increasing importance in today�s world, yet little research has been carried out on the costs or benefits of energy security policies. This paper looks at the period after the 1970s to estimate the cost premium of electricity generation due to energy security policies. The cost premium is estimated for France, Germany, Italy and Spain for the period 1980-2000 by estimating actual versus hypothetical lowest cost generation mixes. The cost premium is estimated to be lowest for France, which had a clear energy security policy based on developing nuclear power and reducing reliance on oil and coal.

Comunicaci�n sobre la no proliferaci�n nuclear

El contexto pol�tico de los �ltimos a�os ha llevado a la comunidad internacional a concentrar su atenci�n en reducir los riesgos de la proliferaci�n nuclear, en el seno de las Naciones Unidas, el G8 y otros foros internacionales. Con el renovado inter�s mundial por la energ�a nuclear y el creciente n�mero de pa�ses que estudia la posibilidad de iniciar programas civiles de energ�a nuclear, existe una necesidad a�n m�s clara de reforzar las garant�as internacionales de no proliferaci�n.
El Tratado de No Proliferaci�n de las Armas Nucleares (TNP) establece el marco general para abordar el reto de la no proliferaci�n y encomienda al Organismo Internacional de Energ�a At�mica (OIEA) un papel clave en este campo. El Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas act�a como autoridad de �ltimo recurso para abordar los incumplimientos graves de los compromisos de no proliferaci�n.
La Uni�n Europea, la Comunidad y sus Estados miembros act�an de m�ltiples formas en este campo, dentro de sus respectivas competencias, con iniciativas en el marco de la Pol�tica Exterior y de Seguridad Com�n (PESC) o basadas en los Tratados comunitarios. De este modo, la UE puede contribuir considerablemente a dar respuesta al reto de la no proliferaci�n tambi�n a nivel mundial, bas�ndose en su
amplia experiencia en los aspectos relacionados con este tipo de energ�a y en la variedad de instrumentos a su disposici�n.

Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Sub-Saharan Africa

The downturn in global growth, the decline in most commodity prices, and tighter credit
have significantly worsened the economic outlook for sub-Saharan Africa. Risks are
rising and it is uncertain how long the crisis will last. Policy makers must walk a
tightrope between not aggravating the shock in aggregate demand on the one hand, while
protecting hard-won gains in economic fundamentals on the other. Any policy response
must also take into account the impact on the poor and seek to incorporate social safety
nets. Countries that do not have debt sustainability and financing constraints may have
some scope for fiscal easing. But it is also clear that countries will depend critically on
donors honoring their commitments to aid and even increasing aid, despite new
competing demands on their own budgets. The IMF itself is moving fast to increase
financial support to affected countries, step up technical assistance, and reinforce the
policy dialogue with its African members.

Mining Deals, Mergers and acquisitions activity in the mining industry

After the rise comes the fall. The mining industry experienced a violent downward tailspin in the last three months of 2008 which has turned much of the deal-making in the sector upside down. After two years of record M&A activity, 2008 turned out to be a year of extremes with the earlier part of the year following a pattern established in previous years before plunging in a sudden and dizzying vortex in the closing months. Mining Deals 2008 reviews deal activity in the mining industry. The report is a companion publication to PricewaterhouseCoopers� Power Deals, O&G Deals and Renewables Deals reports. Together the four reports provide a comprehensive analysis of M&A activity across the extractive and power industries worldwide.
We examine both the rationale behind the overall trends and look at the key individual deals. We look at the year under review, the context of the preceding three years, and ahead to the future direction of deal-making in the sector.

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Estrategia de I+D e innovaci�n para las TIC en Europa: una apuesta de futuro

Las TIC brindan infraestructuras e instrumentos esenciales para la creaci�n, el intercambio y la difusi�n del conocimiento, impulsan la capacidad innovadora de todos los sectores y contribuyen en m�s del 40% al crecimiento total de la productividad.
El mercado mundial de las TIC alcanz� un valor de dos billones de euros y est� creciendo a un ritmo del 4% anual. Europa representa el 34% de esa cifra; sin embargo, el valor a�adido de su propio sector de TIC se limita al 23% del total. El sector supone el 4,5% del PIB europeo, e incluso m�s, si se tiene en cuenta el valor a�adido de las TIC en otros �mbitos econ�micos.
Las TIC constituyen tambi�n un elemento esencial para abordar los desaf�os de las sociedades europeas. En efecto, las TIC aportan respuestas �nicas, por ejemplo, a las crecientes necesidades relacionadas con el envejecimiento de la poblaci�n y la asistencia sanitaria sostenible, brindan m�s seguridad y protecci�n de la intimidad, y ofrecen una econom�a menos generadora de carbono y sistemas de transporte inteligentes.

La pol�tica de cohesi�n apoya la �econom�a verde� para el crecimiento y el empleo duradero en Europa

Danuta H�bner, Comisaria Europea responsable de Pol�tica Regional, ha anunciado hoy que se invertir�n 105 000 millones EUR en la �econom�a verde� a trav�s de la pol�tica de cohesi�n de la UE. Esta financiaci�n, que representa m�s del 30 % del presupuesto de la pol�tica regional para 2007-2013, ofrece una s�lida plataforma para la creaci�n de empleo y un considerable impulso a las regiones y ciudades en su af�n por mantener el liderazgo mundial de Europa en el �mbito de las tecnolog�as ecol�gicas.